**Lesson Plan: Chemistry for Senior Secondary 2 (SS 2)**
**Topic: Sulphur (Part 1)**
**Duration:** 80 minutes
**Learning Objectives:**
By the end of the lesson, students should be able to:
1. Describe the occurrence and extraction of sulphur.
2. Explain the physical and chemical properties of sulphur.
3. Discuss the various allotropes of sulphur and their respective properties.
4. Understand the industrial applications of sulphur.
**Materials Needed:**
- Textbooks
- Whiteboard and markers
- Samples of sulphur (if available)
- Projector and laptop
- Periodic table charts
- Laboratory glassware and safety equipment (for demonstrations/experiments)
**Lesson Outline:**
1. **Introduction (10 minutes)**
- Begin with a brief review of previous topics to activate prior knowledge.
- Introduce the topic of sulphur and its significance in chemistry.
- Engage students by asking if they know any common uses of sulphur in daily life.
2. **Occurrence and Extraction of Sulphur (15 minutes)**
- Discuss natural sources of sulphur (volcanoes, hot springs, and sedimentary deposits).
- Explain the Frasch process for extracting sulphur from underground deposits.
- Show a short video or animation on the Frasch process (if available).
3. **Physical Properties of Sulphur (15 minutes)**
- Describe the physical state, color, and other notable physical properties.
- Demonstrate the physical properties using a sample of sulphur, if available.
- Discuss the concept of allotropes and introduce the two most common allotropes: rhombic and monoclinic sulphur.
4. **Chemical Properties of Sulphur (20 minutes)**
- Explain sulphur's reactivity with other elements and compounds, such as metals and non-metals.
- Discuss the formation of sulphur dioxide (SO₂) and sulphur trioxide (SO₃), and their roles in forming sulphuric acid.
- Conduct a simple experiment to demonstrate a chemical reaction involving sulphur (e.g., burning sulphur to form SO₂, ensuring safety protocols are followed).
5. **Allotropes of Sulphur (10 minutes)**
- Discuss the structure and properties of rhombic and monoclinic sulphur.
- Compare and contrast these allotropes in terms of stability and temperature conditions.
- Provide diagrams or models illustrating the molecular structures of these allotropes.
6. **Industrial Applications of Sulphur (5 minutes)**
- Discuss the use of sulphur in various industries, such as the production of sulphuric acid, fertilizers, and rubber vulcanization.
- Highlight the importance of sulphur in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries.
7. **Conclusion (5 minutes)**
- Summarize the key points discussed during the lesson.
- Answer any questions the students may have.
- Provide a brief overview of the next lesson topic.
**Assessment:**
- Ask students to write a brief summary of the Frasch process.
- Assign a homework task where students must research and write a short report on one industrial application of sulphur.
**Reflection:**
- Take note of how well students understood the lesson and whether learning objectives were met.
- Collect feedback from students on what they found most interesting or challenging.
- Adjust future lessons based on student engagement and understanding.
**Safety Precautions:**
- Ensure all laboratory experiments are conducted with appropriate safety equipment (gloves, goggles, etc.).
- Supervise students closely during any demonstrations involving chemical reactions.